Why do most highways use bitumen pavement instead of cement concrete?
Bitumen pavements cost roughly twice as much per square meter as cement, yet they dominate highways for practical reasons. Cement roads are rigid, requiring expansion joints that amplify noise and vibration at high speed, and they drain poorly, becoming slippery in rain. Bitumen is a flexible, seamless surface with better skid resistance and shorter braking distances. Construction and maintenance also favor bitumen: it can be paved and reopened within hours, while cement needs around ten hours to harden and up to half a month of curing before traffic. Cement slabs that crack must be fully demolished and recast, making repairs slow and costly.
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