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Why does Australia dominate seaborne iron ore supply despite China's huge reserves?

Daniel Foster
Published on 2026-08-27

Why does Australia dominate seaborne iron ore supply despite China's huge reserves?
Australia holds roughly 58 billion tonnes of iron ore containing about 27 billion tonnes of iron, close to one-third of global reserves, with Pilbara's Hamersley deposits alone at 32 billion tonnes. Grades run near 62%, often up to 68%, and thick, shallow, continuous orebodies suit large-scale open-pit mining in a dry climate just 300 km from Port Hedland. That combination delivers a CFR cash cost near USD 34.5/t. China's ore averages about 34.5% Fe, sits deep underground, and needs beneficiation, pushing domestic CFR cash cost to roughly USD 82.8/t. Importing is simply cheaper than digging at home.

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  • Priya Kapoor 2026-08-28 14:05
    The cost gap is structural, not cyclical. Even with freight volatility, imported Australian ore undercuts domestic concentrate on a delivered basis. Buyers should track Pilbara grade blends and port logistics rather than spot headlines, because the low-cost supply base is what anchors the whole price curve.
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