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[Fine Chemicals] Do you know why wet electronic chemicals need to be graded?

Olivier Dupont
Published on 2026-11-09

[Fine Chemicals] Do you know why wet electronic chemicals need to be graded?

Wet electronic chemicals belong to a sub-segment of fine chemicals. They are the various electronic chemical materials used in wet electronic processes, mainly in the broad semiconductor field (wafers, display panels, solar cells), for cleaning, etching, and other wet process steps during manufacturing.

In wafer, display panel, and solar cell manufacturing, the cleanliness of the silicon surface is critical to performance, yield, and display clarity, so every process includes a cleaning step. Wet chemicals work by using the corrosive and soluble properties of chemical agents to remove residual organic contaminants from wafer surfaces and reduce metal impurity residues.

So the lower the metal impurity content and the smaller the particle size of a wet electronic chemical, the more advanced the wafer process it can be used for. That makes "purity" the core metric for wet electronic chemicals. To classify wet electronic chemicals by purity, the SEMI standard and national standards are used for grading.

The SEMI standard, set by Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International, divides wet electronic chemicals into five grades, G1 through G5. G1-grade wet electronic chemicals are for processes above 1.2 μm, with metal impurities ≤1000 μg/L and particle size ≤1.0 μm; G5-grade wet electronic chemicals are for processes below 0.09 μm, with metal impurities ≤0.01 μg/L and even smaller particle size.

Currently, the solar cell field only needs to reach G1 grade, with representative companies like EVE Energy, CATL, Sunwoda, and Desay Battery; the display panel field generally requires G2 and G3 grades, with representative companies like TCL, BOE, Samsung, and LG; in the integrated circuit field, 8-inch and below wafers require G3 and G4 levels, while 12-inch wafers need G5 grade, with representative companies like Hua Hong Semiconductor, SMIC, TSMC, and China Resources Microelectronics.

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  • Priya Kapoor 2026-11-09 13:59
    What are wet electronic chemicals Wet electronic chemicals, also called ultra-clean high-purity electronic chemicals, are a branch of the electronic chemicals field. They are the various liquid chemical materials used in microelectronics and optoelectronics wet process steps (mainly wet etching, cleaning, development, stripping, etc.) and are key basic chemical materials in the electronic information industry, belonging to a technology-intensive sector. The upstream of the wet electronic chemicals industry is the basic chemical industry, using bulk chemical commodities as raw materials; the downstream is the electronic information industry, with main applications in integrated circuits, display panels, and solar photovoltaics. Downstream industry trends ① Integrated circuit industry trends The integrated circuit industry is one of the supporting industries of the national economy, with applications in consumer, communications, industrial control, medical, military, and aerospace fields. With trends like the Internet of Things, intelligence, new energy, and information security, plus the further spread of 5G, downstream demand is strong. According to the World Semiconductor Trade Statistics (WSTS), over the past 10 years (2011–2021) the global semiconductor market's compound annual growth rate was 6.38%, and the semiconductor integrated circuit industry will keep growing. In recent years, national ministries and commissions have issued a series of policies supporting the integrated circuit industry, and the 14th Five-Year Plan explicitly lists cultivating the integrated circuit industrial system and vigorously promoting innovation and industrialization in advanced semiconductors and other emerging frontier fields as near-term priorities. According to China Semiconductor Industry Association data, China's integrated circuit manufacturing sales grew from 144.8 billion yuan in 2017 to 253 billion yuan in 2021, and are expected to reach 682.7 billion yuan by 2026, a compound annual growth rate of 21.96%. There is still much room to raise the domestic production rate of China's integrated circuit manufacturing. In the future, as the scale of China's integrated circuit industry continues to expand and the domestic substitution rate keeps rising, China's wet electronic chemicals market will also develop rapidly. ② Display panel industry trends New displays are an important port for intelligent interaction and an important support and foundation for emerging industries like ultra-high-definition video, the Internet of Things, and virtual reality. The display panel industry is constantly developing and integrating with new-generation information technologies such as 5G, big data, and artificial intelligence, and downstream market demand keeps expanding. Currently, domestic display panel annual capacity reaches 200 million square meters, global capacity is about 350 million square meters, and China accounts for about 60% of global capacity; in 2021, China's display industry revenue reached over 580 billion yuan, making China a "big screen-producing country." Continued growth in the display panel industry will drive the whole supply chain upward and further drive steady development of the wet electronic chemicals market. The electronic information industry is a pillar industry of the national economy. China has become the world's largest display panel manufacturing base and R&D application center, and the integrated circuit supply chain is also continuing to develop. China's electronic information industry scale is expected to keep expanding, and the industry's domestic production rate will keep rising. As key basic chemical materials for the electronic information industry, wet electronic chemicals have a major impact on the development of that industry. Especially in an international environment where trade friction risks are growing, achieving domestic production of high-end wet electronic chemicals has increasingly important strategic significance.
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