[Fine Chemicals] Do you know why wet electronic chemicals need to be graded?
Wet electronic chemicals belong to a sub-segment of fine chemicals. They are the various electronic chemical materials used in wet electronic processes, mainly in the broad semiconductor field (wafers, display panels, solar cells), for cleaning, etching, and other wet process steps during manufacturing.
In wafer, display panel, and solar cell manufacturing, the cleanliness of the silicon surface is critical to performance, yield, and display clarity, so every process includes a cleaning step. Wet chemicals work by using the corrosive and soluble properties of chemical agents to remove residual organic contaminants from wafer surfaces and reduce metal impurity residues.
So the lower the metal impurity content and the smaller the particle size of a wet electronic chemical, the more advanced the wafer process it can be used for. That makes "purity" the core metric for wet electronic chemicals. To classify wet electronic chemicals by purity, the SEMI standard and national standards are used for grading.
The SEMI standard, set by Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International, divides wet electronic chemicals into five grades, G1 through G5. G1-grade wet electronic chemicals are for processes above 1.2 μm, with metal impurities ≤1000 μg/L and particle size ≤1.0 μm; G5-grade wet electronic chemicals are for processes below 0.09 μm, with metal impurities ≤0.01 μg/L and even smaller particle size.
Currently, the solar cell field only needs to reach G1 grade, with representative companies like EVE Energy, CATL, Sunwoda, and Desay Battery; the display panel field generally requires G2 and G3 grades, with representative companies like TCL, BOE, Samsung, and LG; in the integrated circuit field, 8-inch and below wafers require G3 and G4 levels, while 12-inch wafers need G5 grade, with representative companies like Hua Hong Semiconductor, SMIC, TSMC, and China Resources Microelectronics.
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